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什么是应力腐蚀?

发布日期:2021-12-27

<p data-pid="--Y3BUpd" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 什么是应力腐蚀?</p> <p data-pid="--Y3BUpd" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 材料或零件在应力和腐蚀环境的共同作用下引起的开裂称为应力腐蚀开裂,这是应力与腐蚀联合作用的结果。如果只有一个方面,应力或者介质的作用,破坏不会发生,但当二者联合作用时,却能很快发生开裂。因此,发生应力腐蚀时,应力是很低的,介质的腐蚀性也是很弱的,也正由于此,应力腐蚀经常受到忽视,导致&ldquo;意外&rdquo;事故不断发生,造成巨大危害和损失。</p> <p data-pid="_56unPYa" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-weight: 600;">◆分类</span></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="5CWmbe4l" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1、<a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-141.html">点腐蚀</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="RGJNK5LC" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 是一种导致腐蚀的局部腐蚀形式。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="vemHfgmR" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2、<a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-38.html">晶间腐蚀</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="6eVAbyUP" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 晶粒间界是结晶学取向不同的晶粒间紊乱错合的边界,因而,它们是钢中各种溶质元素偏析或金属化合物(如碳化物和&delta;相)沉淀析出的有利区域。因此,在某些腐蚀介质中,晶粒间界可能先行被腐蚀乃是不足为奇的。这种类型的腐蚀被称为晶间腐蚀,大多数的金属和合金在特定的腐蚀介质中都可能呈现<a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-38.html">晶间腐蚀</a>。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="fKA6WXh3" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 3、<a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-36.html">缝隙腐蚀</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="V0UTgiXT" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 是局部腐蚀的一种形式,它可能发生于溶液停滞的缝隙之中或屏蔽的表面内。这样的缝隙可以在金属与金属或金属与非金属的接合处形成,例如,在与铆钉、螺栓、垫片、阀座、松动的表面沉积物以及海生物相接触之处形成。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="7gjTfbbM" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 4、<a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-36.html">全面腐蚀</a></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="3IzgAma7" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 是用来描述在整个合金表面上以比较均匀的方式所发生的腐蚀现象的术语。当发生全面腐蚀时,材料由于腐蚀而逐渐变薄,甚至材料腐蚀失效。不锈钢在强酸和强碱中可能呈现全面腐蚀。全面腐蚀所引起的失效问题并不怎么令人担心,因为,这种腐蚀通常可以通过简单的浸泡试验或查阅腐蚀方面的文献资料而预测它。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="zwYv8rDF" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-weight: 600;">◆特点</span></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="am0OxwKs" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1、造成应力腐蚀破坏的是静应力,远低于材料的屈服强度,而且一般是拉伸应力。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="Dp9IFSm6" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2、应力腐蚀造成的破坏,是脆性断裂,没有明显的塑性变形。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="gfZFVOt5" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 3、只有在特定的合金成分与特定的介质相组合时才会造成应力腐蚀。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="5XCHQu5I" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 4、应力腐蚀的裂纹扩展速率&mdash;般在10-9~10-6m/s,有点像疲劳,是渐进缓慢的,这种亚临界的扩展状况一直达到某一临界尺寸,使剩余下的断面不能承受外载时,就突然发生断裂。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="ZSm51i4V" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 5、应力腐蚀的裂纹多起源于表面蚀坑处,而裂纹的传播途径常垂直于拉力轴。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="fzGB9NCq" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 6、应力腐蚀破坏的断口,其颜色灰暗,表面常有腐蚀产物。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="oh9smpS9" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 7、应力腐蚀的主裂纹扩展时常有分枝。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="RJSKf3wl" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 8、应力腐蚀引起的断裂可以是穿晶断裂,也可以是晶间断裂。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="PtxZc3W_" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <span style="font-weight: 600;">◆措施</span></p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="H09Mupno" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 1、合理选择材料</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="40KeUajh" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 针对零件所受的应力和使用条件选用耐应力腐蚀的材料,这是一个基本原则。如铜对氨的应力腐蚀敏感性很高,因此,接触氨的零件应避免使用铜合金;又如在高浓度氯化物介质中,一般可选用不含镍、铜或仅含微量镍、铜的低碳高铬铁素体不锈钢,或含硅较高的铬镍不锈钢,也可选用镍基和铁一镍基耐蚀合金。</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="0iMXcaZW" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 在压力管道工程中,下列介质组合容易发生应力腐蚀,应着力避免:</p> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <figure data-size="normal" style="margin: 0px 0px 1.4em; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-38d2af59bc6f7dabc07dfb2cb643039f_b.jpg" data-caption="" data-lazy-status="ok" data-original="https://pic4.zhimg.com/v2-38d2af59bc6f7dabc07dfb2cb643039f_r.jpg" data-rawheight="260" data-rawwidth="454" data-size="normal" src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-38d2af59bc6f7dabc07dfb2cb643039f_720w.jpg" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; cursor: zoom-in; background-color: transparent; animation: fxRichTextFadeIn 0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running;" width="454" /></figure> <p class="ztext-empty-paragraph" style="margin: -0.8em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> &nbsp;</p> <p data-pid="Re2Wcw-a" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> 2、减少或消除零件中的残余拉应力<br /> <br /> <br /> 残余拉应力是产生应力腐蚀的重要条件。为此,设计上应尽量减小零件上的应力集中。从工艺上说,加热和冷却要均匀,必要时采用退火工艺以消除内应力。或者采用喷丸或表面热处理,使零件表层产生一定的残余压应力对防止应力腐蚀也是有效的。<br /> <br /> <br /> 3、改善介质条件<br /> <br /> <br /> 这可从两个方面考虑:一方面设法减少或消除促进应力腐蚀开裂的有害化学离子,如通过水净化处理,降低冷却水与蒸汽中的氯离子含量对预防奥氏体不锈钢的氯脆十分有效;另一方面,也可以在腐蚀介质中添加缓蚀剂,如在高温水中加入300&times;10-6mol/L的磷酸盐,可使铬镍奥氏体不锈钢抗应力腐蚀性能大大提高。<br /> <br /> <br /> 4、采用电化学保护<br /> <br /> <br /> 由于金属在介质中只有在一定的电极电位范围内才会产生应力腐蚀,因此采用外加电位的方法,使金属在介质中的电位远离应力腐蚀敏感电位区域,这也是防止应力腐蚀的一种措施,一般采用阴极保护法。不过,对高强度钢和其他氢脆敏感的材料,不能采用这种保护方法。有时采用牺牲阳极法进行电化学保护也是很有效的。<br /> &nbsp;</p> <figure data-size="normal" style="margin: 1.4em 0px; color: rgb(18, 18, 18); font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, &quot;Source Han Sans SC&quot;, &quot;Noto Sans CJK SC&quot;, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: medium;"> <p> &nbsp;</p> <a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-36.html"><img class="origin_image zh-lightbox-thumb lazy" data-actualsrc="https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-900325e04e5e66924fe49a30fda63126_b.jpg" data-caption="" data-lazy-status="ok" data-original="https://pic3.zhimg.com/v2-900325e04e5e66924fe49a30fda63126_r.jpg" data-rawheight="1904" data-rawwidth="2048" data-size="normal" src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-900325e04e5e66924fe49a30fda63126_720w.jpg" style="display: block; max-width: 100%; margin: 0px auto; cursor: zoom-in; background-color: transparent; animation: fxRichTextFadeIn 0.5s ease-in 0s 1 normal none running; width: 600px;" /></a> <h2> <strong>涉及测试:</strong></h2> <h3> <a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-141.html"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>点腐蚀试验</strong></span></a></h3> <h3> <a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-38.html"><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>晶间腐蚀试验</strong></span></a></h3> <h3> <strong><a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-36.html"><span style="color:#0000ff;">缝隙腐蚀试验</span></a></strong></h3> <h3> <strong><a href="http://www.rd-test.com/projectinfo-36.html"><span style="color:#0000ff;">全浸腐蚀试验</span></a></strong></h3> <p> &nbsp;</p> <p> &nbsp;</p> </figure>